Cantata:
Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140, 3. Aria (Duet):
Wann kommst du, mein Heil?
Johann Sebastian Bach
Norton Recorded Anthology of Western Music, CD 6 Track 7
How is it that C minor can sing so sweetly? By the time of this aria the
affections have been categorized and understood well enough that a minor chord could make even the crustiest basso weep. Yet this love duet does well in the minor mode. Neither singer builds phrase upon phrase to climatic, emotional epiphany. Rather, taking advantage of the extended vocabulary offered by a minor key, they content each other with brief, gentle exchanges and an occasional sustained pitch.
Timbre is vital to this duet for four. For instance, the distinction between the violin and soprano is primarily one of color. Though they have very different jobs, their registers overlap. This voice crossing is important to the symbolism of the composition and is effective only because of their strong differences in timbre. The same is true for the bass voice and ‘cello. However, Bach’s interest in timbre is only utilitarian. The voices and string instruments never exchange jobs.
What I like about this three way over ground bass is that it concludes so simply. After all the fancy filigree
sol, fa, re, do is enough for the violin and
mi, fa, sol, do is enough for the ‘cello.
Read also about more baroque duets from Charles T. Downey at
ionarts,
Jessica Duchen listens to Carmen and Chopin, and
Alex Ross is in Bayreuth.